The Fechner-Weber law states that for a sensation’s intensity to increase in an arithmetic progression, the stimulus must increase in a geometric progression. This relation describes sensory perceptions and physical stimuli for hearing. Human hearing can detect noise so quiet that the eardrum moves less than an atom’s width, and noise 10 trillion times more …
Author Archives: saemiller
Helmholtz on Navier
As far as I can see, there is today no reason not to regard the hydrodynamic equations (of Navier and Stokes) as the exact expression of the laws that rule the motions of real fluids. 1873. Hermann Helmholtz
Liouville and Numbers
In 1844, Joseph Liouville demonstrated that the decimal representations of certain numbers were infinitely long and lacked pattern. This idea, which suggests that numbers do not necessarily have an exact and finite value, was first proposed by Greek philosopher Zeno in the 5th century BCE. Zeno’s paradoxes are based on the infinite divisibility of space. …
Daniel Bernoulli on Jean le Rond d’Alembert
I have seen with astonishment that apart from a few little things there is nothing to be seen in his hydrodynamics but an impertinent conceit. His criticisms are puerile indeed, and show not only that he is no remarkable man, but also that he never will be. Daniel Bernoulli on Jean le Rond d’Alembert
On the Computer
Down the rabbit hole on digital calculations. Computers, as programmable tools, trace their origins to the 1800s. Joseph Jacquard’s loom, which used punched cards for pattern storage, indirectly influenced the field (1800s). C. Babbage, inspired by the loom, built the Difference Engine in 1822 for mathematical calculations and later designed the Analytical Engine, the first …
Complex Polynomials
The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra states that the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed, implying that every polynomial equation of degree n has n roots within the complex numbers, with at least one being a solution where the polynomial evaluates to zero. Historically, the theorem’s origin traces back to the conjectures by Albert Girard …
Personal Equation
1796, Maskelyne, Astronomer Royal of Britain, dismissed his assistant for what he believed to be persistent inaccuracies in the timing of observations, specifically delays of approximately half a second. This decision unknowingly set the stage for the development of an important concept in measurement science: the personal equation. Maskelyne’s published their mixed observational results. After …
Backus on IBM / Fortran
Much of my work has come from being lazy. I didn’t like writing programs, and so, when I was working on the IBM 701, writing programs for computing missile trajectories, I started work on a programming system to make it easier to write programs. John Backus, 1979, Interview IBM Think Magazine
Origins of Graph Theory
Graph theory emerged in the 18th century, connecting geometry with fields like topology and set theory. Leonhard Euler formulated graph theory during his time in Königsberg, now Kalingrad. His seminal work began with the 1736 paper, “The Seven Bridges of Königsberg.” Residents of Königsberg enjoyed crossing the city’s seven bridges in one outing – considered …
MSDOS 4 Source Code
Find myself going down the rabbit hole as MS posted their MSDOS assembly code on GITHUB. Initials JK appear through source code, which I’m not sure who it belongs to. My assembly programming is at best poor. It’s fun to read the commands like del.asm etc. DOS seemed to be behind the times in 1986, …