Laws of Thermodynamics

A long time ago, the running joke of the three laws of thermodynamics was introduced. They are the following: You cannot win. You cannot break even. You cannot get out of the game.

Numerical prediction of loudness metrics for N-waves and shaped sonic booms in kinematic turbulence

Abstract, “The effects of a kinematic field of velocity fluctuations on the loudness metrics of two waveforms are examined with a three-dimensional one-way propagation solver. The waveforms consist of an N-wave and a simulated low-boom from NASA’s X-59 QueSST aircraft. The kinematic turbulence is generated using a von Karman composite spectrum, which is dependent on …